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GREEN AGRICULTURE AND BLUE WATER IN CHINA: REINTEGRATING CROP AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION FOR CLEAN WATER

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第1期

摘要：

• AGD aims for a green environment, sustainable agriculture and clean water.

• Presenting examples of the impact of agriculture on water quality.

• Presenting examples of solutions for sustainable agriculture and improved water quality.

• Integration of livestock and cropping systems is possible on a farm or among farms.

• Providing recommendations for further development of sustainable agriculture.

Crop and livestock production are essential to maintain food security. In China, crop and livestock production were integrated in the past. Today, small backyard systems are still integrated but the larger livestock farms are landless and largely geographically separated from crop production systems. As a result, there is less recycling of animal manures and there are lower nutrient use efficiencies in the Chinese food production systems. This, in turn, results in considerable losses of nutrients, causing water pollution and harmful algal blooms in Chinese lakes, rivers and seas. To turn the tide, there is a need for agricultural “green” development for food production through reintegrating crop and livestock production. An additional wish is to turn the Chinese water systems “blue” to secure clean water for current and future generations. In this paper, current knowledge is summarized to identify promising interventions for reintegrating crop and livestock production toward clean water. Technical, social, economic, policy and environmental interventions are addressed and examples are given. The paper highlights recommended next steps to achieve “green” agriculture and “blue” water in China.

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From plasma to plasmonics: toward sustainable and clean water production through membranes

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第12期页码 1809-1836 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2339-3

摘要： The increasing demand for potable water is never-ending. Freshwater resources are scarce and stress is accumulating on other alternatives. Therefore, new technologies and novel optimization methods are developed for the existing processes. Membrane-based processes are among the most efficient methods for water treatment. Yet, membranes suffer from severe operational problems, namely fouling and temperature polarization. These effects can harm the membrane’s permeability, permeate recovery, and lifetime. To mitigate such effects, membranes can be treated through two techniques: plasma treatment (a surface modification technique), and treatment through the use of plasmonic materials (surface and bulk modification). This article showcases plasma- and plasmonic-based treatments in the context of water desalination/purification. It aims to offer a comprehensive review of the current developments in membrane-based water treatment technologies along with suggested directions to enhance its overall efficiency through careful selection of material and system design. Moreover, basic guidelines and strategies are outlined on the different membrane modification techniques to evaluate its prerequisites. Besides, we discuss the challenges and future developments about these membrane modification methods.

关键词： water treatment membrane-based process plasma treatment plasma polymerization plasmonic light-to-heat conversion

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GREEN AGRICULTURE AND BLUE WATER IN CHINA: REINTEGRATING CROP AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION FOR CLEAN WATER

Maryna STROKAL, Annette B.G. JANSSEN, Xinping CHEN, Carolien KROEZE, Fan LI, Lin MA, Huirong YU, Fusuo ZHANG, Mengru WANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第1期页码 72-80 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020366

摘要： Crop and livestock production are essential to maintain food security. In China, crop and livestock production were integrated in the past. Today, small backyard systems are still integrated but the larger livestock farms are landless and largely geographically separated from crop production systems. As a result, there is less recycling of animal manures and there are lower nutrient use efficiencies in the Chinese food production systems. This, in turn, results in considerable losses of nutrients, causing water pollution and harmful algal blooms in Chinese lakes, rivers and seas. To turn the tide, there is a need for agricultural “green” development for food production through reintegrating crop and livestock production. An additional wish is to turn the Chinese water systems “blue” to secure clean water for current and future generations. In this paper, current knowledge is summarized to identify promising interventions for reintegrating crop and livestock production toward clean water. Technical, social, economic, policy and environmental interventions are addressed and examples are given. The paper highlights recommended next steps to achieve “green” agriculture and “blue” water in China.

关键词： agriculture green development China clean water crop-livestock reintegration

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Study on the Path of “Near-zero Emission” Coal-based Clean Energy Ecosystem Development

Zhang Yu-zhuo

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第1期页码 37-41 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014007

摘要： Developing a "near-zero emission" coal-based clean energy ecosystem bears great significance for the sustainable development of clean energy in China and the world at large. This article delves into the development strategy, implementation pathways and key priorities of China's "near-zero emission" coal-based clean energy ecosystem, and in turn proposes specific measures to underpin the development and implementation of such system.

关键词： near-zero emission clean energy ecosystem study on the path

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Metal-based direct hydrogen generation as unconventional high density energy

Shuo XU, Jing LIU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第1期页码 27-53 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0603-x

摘要： Metals are unconventional hydrogen production materials which are of high energy densities. This paper comprehensively reviewed and digested the latest researches of the metal-based direct hydrogen generation and the unconventional energy utilization ways thus enabled. According to the metal activities, the reaction conditions of metals were generalized into three categories. The first ones refer to those which would violently react with water at ambient temperature. The second ones start to react with water after certain pretreatments. The third ones can only react with steam under somewhat harsh conditions. To interpret the metal-water reaction mechanisms at the molecular scale, the molecule dynamics simulation and computational quantum chemistry were introduced as representative theoretical analytical tools. Besides, the state-of-the-art of the metal-water reaction was presented with several ordinary metals as illustration examples, including the material treatment technologies and the evaluations of hydrogen evolution performances. Moreover, the energy capacities of various metals were summarized, and the application potentials of the metal-based direct hydrogen production approach were explored. Furthermore, the challenges lying behind this unconventional hydrogen generation method and energy strategy were raised, which outlined promising directions worth of further endeavors. Overall, active metals like Na and K are appropriate for rapid hydrogen production occasions. Of these metals discussed, Al, Mg and their alloys offer the most promising hydrogen generation route for clean and efficient propulsion and real-time power source. In the long run, there exists plenty of space for developing future energy technology along this direction.

关键词： metal hydrogen generation hydrolysis metal water reaction clean energy

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Managing Innovation: Accelerating the Development of Clean Coal Technology

Ya-juan Sun,Guo-qing Wang,Yan Wang,Ning Zhang,Zhen-qi Zhu

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第1期页码 86-92 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015013

摘要： Coal gasification technology concerns the clean, efficient utilization of coal, providing a core solution to address its negative environmental image and impact. Presently, China is pursuing the development of coal gasification technology despite industry setbacks, limited progress and elusive solutions due to limited specialty materials, technological shortfalls and intellectual expertise. The most prominent challenges to overcome include unbalanced research and project scale development issues followed by an excessive emphasis on equipment manufacturing rather than responsible management practices. The ENN Group explored these industry shortcomings to develop a comprehensive management philosophy that is specifically tailored to overcome these fundamental hurdles. Such innovative solutions include the Centralized Innovation Camp, TRIZ (Theory of Inventive Problem Solving) training, Extensive Alliance Network and enhanced process management, focusing upon engineering, quality assurance and process efficiency with the overall objective of industrial scale application. As a result, ENN’s Clean Coal Technologies include: Coal Hydro-gasification, Supercritical Coal Gasification, Catalytic Coal Gasification and Underground Coal Gasification, having successfully completed all pilot plant testing requirements and the construction of demonstration commercial units.

关键词： coal technology coal gasification innovation management clean ENN

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Development of clean energy and environmental technologies to address humanity’s top problems

Geoff G. X. Wang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第1期页码 1-2 doi: 10.1007/s11705-011-1145-5

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闪速熔炼——清洁高效的炼铜工艺

周松林

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第10期页码 86-89

摘要：

闪速熔炼是当今铜冶金中最具有竞争力的熔炼技术，被认为是标准的清洁炼铜工艺。目前，全球粗铜产量的50%是采用该技术生产的。由于闪速熔炼符合可持续发展战略，世界上大部分新建或改扩建的铜企业均选择该工艺。文章就铜闪速熔炼的特点及发展，阐述了我国铜冶金的现状，提出了我国铜冶金的主要发展方向。

关键词：闪速熔炼铜冶金环保清洁生产

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煤炭高效洁净化利用的研究

陈吟颖,王淑娟,陈昌和,徐旭常

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第6期页码 51-56

摘要：

通过分析我国目前煤炭利用的主要方式和存在的问题，分析对比国内外煤炭高效洁净化利用技术，研究高效洁净化利用技术对环境的影响程度，建立了煤炭高效洁净化利用指标体系，给出了评价煤炭高效洁净化利用程度的洁净化度、生态优化度、低碳度的概念并作出了相应的定量判据，最后提出了我国2030年、2050年煤炭高效洁净化利用的有效途径和发展战略。

关键词：洁净煤发电洁净化度能源可持续发展综合指标生态优化度低碳度

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我国清洁汽油燃料的发展趋势与对策

何奕工,舒兴田

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第2期页码 28-35

摘要：

探讨了在世界各国环境保护法规日益严格的情况下，石油炼制企业和研究开发部门在生产清洁汽油燃料时所面临的问题，世界各国清净燃料发展的趋势以及研究开发部门应该采取的对策。着重讨论了研究开发制取清洁汽油的重要组分——异构（支链）烷烃的重要性、途径和相关的化学原理。

关键词：清洁汽油燃料发展趋势对策

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清洁能源展望

Lance A. Davis

《工程（英文）》 2017年第3卷第6期 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2017.11.004

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新一代煤化工和洁净煤技术利用现状分析与对策建议

谢克昌

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第6期页码 15-24

摘要：

在论述煤炭的战略地位、利用现状和分析新一代煤化工技术与洁净煤技术利用现状的基础上，以科学规划所应遵循的原则，结合作者的科研实践，提出了我国发展新一代煤化工和洁净煤利用技术的建议。

关键词：煤化工洁净煤技术对策

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Controllable synthesis of a large TS-1 catalyst for clean epoxidation of a C=C double bond under mild

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第6期页码 772-783 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2280-x

摘要： Development of a titanium silicalite-1 (TS-1) catalyst with good crystallinity and a four-coordinate Ti framework is critical for efficient catalytic oxidation reaction under mild conditions. Herein, a size-controlled TS-1 zeolite (TS-1#0.1ACh (acetylcholine)) was synthesized via steam-assisted crystallization by introducing acetylcholine as a crystal growth modifier in the preparation process, and TS-1#0.1ACh was also employed in epoxidations of different substrates containing C=C double bonds. The crystalline sizes of the as-synthesized TS-1#0.1ACh catalysts were controlled with the acetylcholine content, and characterization results showed that the particle sizes of highly crystalline TS-1#0.1ACh zeolite reached 3.0 μm with a good Ti framework. Throughout the synthetic process, the growth rate of the crystals was accelerated by electrostatic interactions between the connected hydroxyl groups of the acetylcholine modifier and the negatively charged skeleton of the pre-zeolites. Furthermore, the TS-1#0.1ACh catalyst demonstrated maximum catalytic activity, good selectivity and high stability during epoxidation of allyl chloride. Importantly, the TS-1#0.1ACh catalyst was also highly versatile and effective with different unsaturated substrates. These findings may provide novel, easily separable and large TS-1 catalysts for efficient and clean industrial epoxidations of C=C double bonds.

关键词： size-controlled TS-1 crystal modifier steam-assisted crystallization epoxidation

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清洁电力技术

Robin J. Batterham

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第12期页码 1349-1350 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.10.004

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我国洁净煤技术2035 发展趋势与战略对策研究

孙旭东,张博,彭苏萍

《中国工程科学》 2020年第22卷第3期页码 132-140 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.03.021

摘要：

煤炭在我国能源结构中长期保持基础性地位。实现煤炭资源的清洁高效利用，亟待大力发展洁净煤技术。本文在界定洁净煤技术概念的基础上，辨识了洁净煤技术的先进性特征，预判了面向2035 的关键前沿技术，结合国内外主要前沿技术的发展现状，明确了我国洁净煤技术发展战略目标与路径，据此提出了相应的政策建议。研究发现，我国在700 ℃超超临界、整体煤气化联合循环/ 整体煤气化燃料电池联合循环（IGCC/IGFC）等先进发电技术及煤炭深加工产业的技术研发、装备制造和工程示范等方面具有一定的国际竞争力，但在自主创新能力、体制机制、区域或企业间平衡发展等方面仍存在诸多问题，应当着眼于煤炭能源长远发展，前瞻规划面向2035 的洁净煤技术与产业发展方向，积极部署先进技术研发与工程示范，全面提升我国洁净煤技术发展水平，有效改善煤炭清洁高效利用的产业发展环境。

关键词：煤炭洁净煤技术能源战略 2035